Our shared border, our shared future

The facts, not the myths, about our cross-border relationship with England after Scottish Independence
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An international border will bring opportunities on both sides
Whatever form our border between Scotland and England takes in the future, it will bring opportunities for all. 
Shared Border, Shared Future seeks to provide a resource for the many aspects of the Scotland/England Border, with a view to Scotland being a normal, independent country. Select from any of the specific topics below.
  • The border today

    The border between our two countries is one of the oldest in the world. It is marked at many places along its route, most notably at Gretna and Berwick - places steeped in history. People stop on the quieter routes, to enjoy taking photographs at the signs marking the line between Scotland and England.


    The border is marked in other ways too. Health and education costs, for example:


    Prescriptions are free in Scotland, but in England prescriptions are £9 per item; biennial dental checks are free in Scotland, but cost an average of £20 in England. Eye tests are free in Scotland, but cost £20 in England, whilst university fees are free in Scotland but cost an average of £9,000 in England.


    Other differences are shown by things as diverse as Scottish bank notes, our colloquialisms, customs and accents, the structure of our education system, or ‘S’ vehicle registrations. Yet despite our differences, we also do business across our shared border as readily as across Europe and the world, both in goods and services, and of course there is the simple movement of people going about their daily routines.

  • Cross-border travel and agreements

    Transitioning from a union with England to a normal neighbouring country relationship will be a shared process.


    Since 1922, we have had a Common Travel Area existing across Ireland and the UK, covering the whole of Scotland, Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Channel Islands, England and Wales.


    This allows citizens of the UK and Eire (but not goods) to travel without a passport, though a recognised form of identification such as a photo driving licence may be requested, for example, at the airport.


    Irish and UK citizens can live in either country and have access to health care, social benefits, and the right to vote in certain elections. We also have the right to live, travel, work and study within this Common Travel Area, completely independent of EU membership. Read More.


    There is no reason for this law to change, particularly as the Common Travel Area has now been strengthened and it is to everyone’s advantage for it to stay just as it is now.


    It is also in the interests of our shared future, for cross-border trade to continue in various forms, much as it does today.


    There is a long history of trade between our two countries, which has no reason to change. Scotland has a lot to offer in cross-border trade, not least our water, electricity, oil and other natural resources. In return, there would be numerous existing deals with remainder UK (rUK) businesses, from which Scotland would continue to benefit.


    Depending on which arrangements the rUK has with the rest of the world, there may be opportunities to make the most of resulting cross-border differences, encouraging businesses to establish new branches or franchises.


    Places close to international borders are often vibrant with shopping outlets, as already seen at Gretna. Dumfries and Galloway and the Scottish Borders would also be ideal places to host business hubs where companies who trade in Scotland would register a head office in Scotland. Such additional infrastructure brings both short- and long-term employment.

  • Sharing our border, sharing our future

    As a successful, thriving, independent country, Scotland will continue to trade across borders, our people will continue to travel across borders, and tourists will continue to visit the border. 


    The exact terms of any future deals are unknown at this point, but it is in everyone’s interests to continue with very similar terms to what we have now. If Scotland retains close ties and alignment with the EU, such as in the  EEA or EFTA, we will be able to trade much as we already do with Europe. If we rejoin the EU in the future, we automatically gain all the trade deals which the EU has negotiated across the world, including with rUK.


    International borders operate successfully across the world; there is no reason to believe that Scotland would be any different.


    Scotland currently operates a relatively invisible border with England. The border is marked, but completely open and often visited and celebrated by tourists.


    A shared technical border

    For most intents and purposes, there is little need for the future international border with England to be any more visible than it is now. Our shared border should present itself very much as it does now - a tourist attraction rather than a border post - with most aspects being taken care of through technology or political agreement.


    For goods, for example, electronic customs allow customs arrangements to be dealt with directly at the despatch and receiving points. Trade details remain unknown at the time of writing, but it benefits everyone for trade between Scotland and rUK to continue as normal.


    All the goods and services which take our money now will still need our business, no matter which currencies we trade in. We already often trade in different currencies without realising it, when we buy goods online, or use a bank card in person. The exchange rate is calculated by the retailer when they bill us and payment in the correct currency is delivered by our banks.


    The UK Government already requires checks on people by employers, letting agents, banks and lawyers for everything from getting a job , to applying for a bank account, or seeking a new home.


    Similar identification to what we use when travelling by plane within the Common Travel Area could easily be used as ID for travel by bus or train at the point of ticket purchase, should future changes require it. An easy option would be to use an existing ID such as the National Entitlement Card (currently used as library card, Young Scot card, or bus pass).


    People can continue to work on the opposite side of the border to the one in which they live. Arrangements already exist to ensure employees pay appropriate taxes and aren’t taxed twice for working in a different country to the one they live in. This is already in operation with the introduction of Scottish tax codes.


    Local travel for work and leisure can be accommodated by cross-border commuter permits   to ensure uninterrupted travel. This could be displayed as an identity pass which can be screened through facilities similar to the number plate recognition used in many car parks, and could also apply to cross-border commercial vehicles.


    Existing or new DVSA/VOSA checkpoints for HGVs could be utilised to satisfy any need to carry out vehicle spot checks on arterial routes, without  major impact on the passage of traffic. Technological solutions to border controls are advancing all the time, making cross-border travel convenient and simple.


    Scotland has no desire to erect any form of physical border between us and our neighbour. There are both practical and financial barriers to the erection of a physical border. The difficulties of creating a physical barrier across 96 miles of diverse landscape would be significant.


    Even on the main arterial routes, countries would have to plan considerable changes to accommodate checkpoints. Approximately 25,000 vehicles cross the border at Gretna each way, every day.


    As seen during adverse weather, or following serious incidents, it takes a very short time for traffic to back up well down the M6. It seems highly unlikely that the good people of England would support their government subjecting them to such disruption. 


    The ‘Cumberland Gap’ upgrade, for example, widening from two to three lanes on the M6, took many years to complete - the initial decision was in 1987, planning in 1991,  work began in 2006 and the upgrade completed 2008. The timescale for planning, compulsory purchase battles and the eventual construction process of border check points on the M6 alone, coupled with the astronomical cost, would make it a lengthy and extremely expensive process. That’s before considering the many other crossing points from Solway to Tweed. It would also be unusual for Westminster to turn its focus and funding to Cumbria and Northumberland, over Dover and south-east England.

  • Opportunities for the local economy

    Look across the world and where you find borders, you find enterprise. Differences between the laws and customs of neighbouring countries give rise to trading opportunities, from simple differences in the likes of fuel costs to the commercial benefits of differing tax regimes or trade deals.


    Smaller companies which currently operate cross border may expand to benefit from registered offices in both countries, leading to preferential rates or opportunities.


    Services currently offered cross border will still be required on both sides and, if current providers choose not to continue to operate cross border, then new service providers will move in to fill the gap.


    Look at how much success has developed out of historical elopements to Gretna Green to take advantage of different marriage laws in Scotland - the differences between us are to be celebrated as open invitations to new ventures.


    Tourism to the border is only likely to increase, this being a ‘new’ and interesting place for visitors, many of whom have been under the illusion that Britain was only one country.


    Opportunities servicing that tourism will expand, both for day-trippers stopping to take a photograph with one foot either side of the border, and for longer visits. There could be openings for new visitor centres explaining the story of the border and enticing visitors to stay and enjoy the attractions of the rest of Dumfries and Galloway and the Borders.


    Cafés, restaurants, shops, campsites, B&Bs, hotels may either expand or new ones spring up, perhaps leading to leisure provision such as indoor climbing walls, laser tag, cinemas and more. If Scotland is EU compliant/in Schengen, but rUK isn’t, then artists who tour/display across Europe could come to ‘First/ Last in Scotland’ venues for concerts and shows, in the knowledge they would attract an otherwise inaccessible audience. 


    All these facilites need staff on many levels who, in turn, need places to live, schools, health services, and facilites for their everyday needs.


    All this, in whichever form it takes, will bring short and long term work, from initial construction, to seasonal work, to new professional enterprises. The opportunities are considerable, and waiting for those prepared to take them.


    Our shared border is a boost to people and businesses not only in Dumfries and Galloway and the Scottish Borders, but also Cumbria and Northumberland. All our border regions can benefit from our new status as home to an international border. Preserving our good relationships, both personal and commercial, is important to communities on both sides of the border, as is respecting our differences. Our shared border is our shared future.

  • Currency

    Scotland will continue to have a fully tradeable currency.


    Since the 1707 Act Of Union, Scotland has been required to use the pound sterling as the common currency within the UK. The pound sterling is governed by the Bank of England which has a history of prioritising the economic position of the south of England over the other parts of the Union. Scotland is directly affected by the decisions of the Bank of England, for example by altering interest rates and by the performance of sterling against world currencies - not necessarily to Scotland’s benefit.


    Scotland is in the unusual position of having little or no debt. Under the devolution settlement, Scotland has very limited borrowing powers and is not allowed to overspend its budget


    Debt accrued by the UK government is entirely the obligation of the UK including the amount allocated as the UK Government sees fit ‘for the benefit’ of Scotland. The UK Government charges Scotland ‘notional’ or ‘apportioned’ costs for money deemed to be spent on Scotland’s behalf, though not spent in Scotland.

    Scotland’s current financial forecasts are based on the management of Scotland as part of the UK.


    Transition to Independence and our shared future

    Scotland has operated its own currency in the past and will do so again, as is normal in independent countries. Within an agreed timescale, Scotland will have its own currency, backed by a Scottish Central Bank; a bank which will put the best interests of Scotland at its core.


    We already have our own banks issuing Scottish banknotes, their protection fought for successfully by Sir Walter Scott under the pseudonym Malachi Malagrowther. For every note issued by a Scottish bank, there is one pound sterling deposited with the Bank of England


    There is at least £3.5billion of Scottish funds held in the Bank of England, backing the circulation of Scottish bank notes, a tidy sum to start a new Scottish Central Bank, upon which to secure a new Scottish currency. While Scottish banks already print their own bank notes, Scotland’s new coins would need to be minted, with relevant new jobs on offer. Scotland’s new currency will, in addition, have an abundance of desirable, natural resources to act as further security, whilst a new Scottish investment bank  and the re-opening of the Scottish stock exchange will further build confidence in Scotland’s economy as an independent country.


    Our forecast for a future as an independent country will be based on Scotland’s true value, of both our revenues and our natural assets.


    In contrast, the use of GERS (Government Expenditure and Revenue Scotland) as an indicator of Scotland’s economy indicates only how Scotland performs within the UK, where money is spent and borrowed ‘on Scotland’s behalf’ by the UK government. These are not necessarily areas where Scotland would choose to spend and bear little or no relation to finances in an independent Scotland. Most current forecasts for Scotland’s economic future are based on our historical situation, largely managed under the UK government. 


    Without the burden of UK debt and with the benefit of Scotland retaining all revenues generated in Scotland, Scotland would immediately be better off as an independent country than as part of the UK. 


    All revenues and taxes currently raised in Scotland, by businesses in Scotland which have their offices registered in England, are credited to England. An Independent Scotland would see a massive rise in company registrations within Scotland which, in turn, would increase confidence in the economy and support the currency.


    Scotland’s new currency has a solid base and a positive future.


    An independent Scotland will likely seek close alignment with the EU, perhaps seeking membership of the European Economic Area or European Free Trade Agreement, amongst other options. Scotland remains ‘most welcome’ to rejoin the EU as an independent country. This would give us the option of joining the euro at a future point, after demonstrating the stability of our own economy, but without the obligation to actually use the euro as Scotland’s only currency


    Scotland can use the pound sterling, or link currency to the pound sterling, if we so choose. Many countries across the world either use another country’s currency, or link their own currency to that of another country.  Scotland is free to choose to continue using the pound sterling, short or long term, or to link a Scottish currency to the pound sterling, the euro, or the dollar, for example.


    Practical transitioning from Sterling to a new currency

    Change in the physical form of our currency is nothing new. Our currency has changed in some way, lots of times, whether a substantial change from pounds, shillings and pence to decimal, or by a simple change in the design, fabric or shape of coins and notes. We introduced the new 20p coin into circulation and the £1 coin replaced most paper £1 notes, while later, the £2 coin was also introduced. Recently, we moved easily from paper to plastic notes, from larger to smaller 50p, 10p and 5p coins and from the old to the new style £1 coin.


    It is likely that a new Scottish currency would operate alongside the old currency for a transition period. Already in the UK, we have different currencies successfully operating in tandem with sterling as shown by the Bristol Pound and the Lake District Pound currencies. 


    Some tourist hotspots will already offer to take payment in Euros as well as sterling. It’s not unusual for businesses to price their goods and services in both currencies. Areas like Dumfries and Galloway and the Borders could benefit from the idea of holding two currencies in tandem. Frequent visitors across the border are likely to bring their own currency with them, as they do now with English bank notes. There will also be opportunities for new currency exchange services to open, creating new jobs. People will withdraw local currency, or choose which currency to withdraw from cash points either side of the border. 

     

    A trip to Carlisle or Newcastle, for example, shouldn't need a visit to a currency exchange. As more and more transactions have become digital, including basic facilities like parking ticket machines, it is easy to conduct our daily lives without ever having to think about having cash in our pockets, nor which currency it is in. We can continue, as we do now, to visit our neighbouring country and use our bank cards to pay in the local currency, without needing any actual notes or coins at all.


    We already trade in different currencies without realising. It is easy to buy online from across the world, when the currency conversion and taxes are dealt with by the retailer.


    Information, advice and assistance will guide us through the transition to a new currency. It may seem a bit strange at first, but it will quickly become as normal as pound coins over paper pound notes, or plastic notes over paper. It will also open a whole new chapter in the lives of numismatists!

  • Trade

    Scotland consistently exports more than it imports with a fair percentage crossing the border. Scotland is a valuable trading partner for the rUK, as shown by our electricity exports alone.


    Consideration is given to which country’s laws cover contracts entered into. Obligations and remedies are covered by international law. Regulations govern buying goods online, whether as individuals or commercially.


    We do not know, at the time of writing, what the trade agreements will be between rUK and any other country, but with Scotland as a main provider to rUK of electricity, oil, and water alone, it is massively in rUK’s interests to continue the current ease of trade across all sectors. All the trade we do across the border should continue as smoothly as it does now, whether multi-national or sole traders. Our goods and services are valued. 


    Scotland the Brand

    Scotland has many desirable exports. Scotland already trades on a reputation for high quality food, made from high quality, natural ingredients, valued across the world. Our premium product reputation increases tourism, market share, revenue and boosts our rural communities. As long as we maintain high standards, the world will continue to want our produce. 

  • Employment

    Employees

    At the moment, there is not much difference in employment obligations between Scotland and rUK; employers are already obliged to check an employee’s right to live and work here.


    Procedures already exist across Europe to cater for where a person lives in a different country to the one they work in, which would likely be the way things would continue. Reciprocal tax agreements are already in place to ensure that an employee doesn’t pay double tax if they live in a different country from the one they work in.


    Scotland already has different income tax from England and procedures exist now to ensure the correct tax is collected accordingly. Future changes in employment law would be publicised by relevant authorities, guiding employers and employees through the process.


    Our right not to be discriminated against for a range of reasons, including where we live or our nationality, is already protected across Britain by domestic as well as international law. 


    Our positions as both employers and employees, should continue much as they do now.

  • Education

    Studying across our international border, should stay much the same as it is now. Students from Scotland, who choose to study inside Scotland, already have their tuition fees paid by the Scottish Government through the Student Awards Agency Scotland.  This also covers studying in member states of the EU,  as long as Scotland is an EU member.


    There is also some support for students studying outwith the EU, dependent upon the country and degree chosen.


    Scottish students studying in England, are already charged tuition fees but SAAS help with the cost of these. However the vast majority of Scottish students choose to study in Scotland


    Local colleges in regions close to the border, are used to dealing with cross border students, and already offer extra help, for example with travel costs.


    As seen above, universities and colleges are not allowed to discriminate against their students, so your nationality or where you live should not affect your access to further or higher education.

  • Health

    Health boards already operate using reciprocal agreements


    The National Health Service in Scotland has always been a separate organisation from the NHS in the rest of the UK.


    The Scottish Health Service enters into contracts for the delivery of healthcare services with rUK health providers, just as it does with European providers.


    Health service providers have paid for services both ways across the border, though only a tiny percentage of Dumfries & Galloway and Scottish Borders patients actually receive care outwith Scotland in recent years (cross boundary flows). We are unaware of the trade taking place, because Scotland’s health services are mostly free at the point of use. 


    Reciprocal health care arrangements are already in place across our different countries, and also explaining the situation for people who may have a GP on the other side of a border from where they live.


    We already have reciprocal health care arrangements with other countries, both in Europe and across the world. it is in everyone’s interests to maintain these agreements. 


    We also have reciprocal health care arrangements enabling people to access specialised services

    Across all parts of the UK already, each health board has access to a wide range of specialists in the other health board areas, no matter where the patient lives, because of reciprocal funding arrangements between our respective national health services.


    Some specialities require travel abroad, as well as there being specialities based in Scotland which patients from rUK access. This is a beneficial scheme to all, which has every reason to continue working as it works now.


    Around 25,000 vehicles cross the border at Gretna every day, and that’s not including people travelling by train or plane, nor the many other crossing points. As such close neighbours and with so much cross border movement, it is hugely beneficial to have reciprocal health care agreements to provide free emergency treatment just as we do now, regardless of where we live. 

  • Pensions

    Scotland’s pensioners will continue to receive their pensions. 

    Pensions fall into two main groups:


    1. Pay as you go pensions:

    These are state pensions for all; the amount and age entitlement is determined by the UK Government. There are also public service pensions, paid to central and local government employees.


    These pensions are ‘pay as you go’ and are paid out of current UK government funds. You don’t ‘pay into’ your own personal pension pot, the way you do with a private pension. You pay or are awarded National Insurance contributions throughout working life, which pay the pensions of those already at pensionable age at that time. In turn, your  pension is then paid through the contributions of those working when you are of pensionable age. The level of NI contributions you pay or are awarded, determine how much pension you can claim when you reach pensionable age, and your pension is paid by those working at the time you claim your pension.


    You can already receive this pension if you live in another country, and in some cases you can continue to pay into it beforehand.


    With so many expats, it is highly unlikely that rUK could change this successful arrangement. The UK government has already committed to continue to honour all pension entitlement accrued, see more


    2. Money Pot Pensions:

    These are Private Company Pensions paid by employers to their staff, and personal pensions set up by private individuals to cover their future retirement.


    These are private arrangements with a pension company, either made directly or through an employer. These are covered by the contract you agreed to when you signed up which can’t be changed without your consent. You can claim your private pension no matter where you live.


    You can also already claim a pension for contributions during years worked in the UK as well as years worked in another country.


    Whichever type of pension you would receive, there are already arrangements in place for you to receive it, regardless of where you live upon retirement.


    A UK state pension can already be paid into your bank account in anther country or in the UK, enabling expats to take advantage of currency exchange options. No one can predict the future value of pensions, particularly when sterling currently faces uncertainty. The value of the pound sterling may change suddenly or become permanently lower as circumstances dictate.


    A future independent Scottish Government, with a Scottish currency, may become a more stable underwriter of public pensions in the long term; as discussed above, independent Scotland has a solid footing for a sound economic future. Eventual changes in equivalent sterling to Scottish currency exchange rate, may make a Scottish currency pension much more desirable than one paid in sterling. A future Scottish Government is also much more likely to keep pensionable age to one low enough for people who meet residency requirements to live to receive that pension.

  • Legal issues

    Existing insurance and guarantees

    In general, insurances and guarantees are a private agreement between the service provider and the customer, so if something goes wrong, there is action you can take to have things rectified. In the event of difficulties, the European Small Claims procedure exists to help people with claims across borders.


    As people already often travel abroad, either for work or to live as expats, there are options for taking the likes of life insurance with you, or transferring to a ‘portable insurance.’ 


    Most goods and services have extra protection from legislation such as the Consumer Rights Act 2015. 


    Some situations are covered by Public Liability Insurance or Employer’s Liability Insurance. 


    The agreement between the customer and the insurance or guarantee provider, will be governed by the laws of the country under which that agreement was made. With so many cross border travellers and pre-existing trade, it makes sense for both countries to continue to respect each other’s laws on insurances and guarantees as they do now.

  • Driving licence

    It is to the advantage of both Scotland and rUK, to continue to recognise the validity of all driving licences already issued within the UK. We can continue to use existing arrangements such as those for people who passed their test in Northern Ireland, EU or EEA, who can drive any vehicle listed on their full and valid licence. 


    People who passed their test in any other country, can drive any small vehicle listed for 12 months from the date they last entered Britain, as well as buses or lorries if they have themselves driven that vehicle into Britain. Both residential and commercial drivers would continue to drive with current licences as normal.


    Arrangements being considered for post brexit car insurance, suggest a relatively simple 'green card' scheme would ensure we are covered on both sides of the border.


    Over time, as we issue our own licences, or licensing rules diverge between our countries, there is every likelihood that reciprocal agreements will continue to allow for current recognition of valid driving licences to continue. To hold a delivery at the border, until that driver is changed to a native of that country instead, is completely farcical.

  • Existing Family Arrangements

    Scotland and England have always had separate legal systems for both criminal and civil cases, some of which is very different.


    We also have arrangements which ensure that the right country’s law deals with the right situation, whether that may be a civil matter such as debt or contract law, or family matters.


    Our different legal systems have cooperated for centuries. For anyone who has a family situation involving rights of contact, our two legal systems already allow for that right to be honoured on both sides of the border. There is no reason to believe this would change.


    We already have international protection in operation for these situations too, including The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction  and Brussels II, which is the European Treaty concerning children, the latter being an EU member treaty, but of such benefit that it would seem unlikely for our countries not to continue to respect and ultimately adopt its content into our own systems.


    On day one of independence, the law of Scotland will continue to apply in Scotland, and the law of England and Wales will continue to apply there, and the solution, if a legal problem arises, will be the same as it is now.


    Scotland will then decide which laws previously made in Westminster, will continue to apply in Scotland and which will not. Scotland will be again be able to sign treaties with other countries in its own right, including rUK, which cover recognition of, for example orders in relation to children, or international trade  (UN Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods, to which the UK has not signed up at time of writing).

  • Summary

    Our shared border has a positive future

    In general, most of what we think might be different in everyday life near the border after independence, is in fact something we are already doing. We already have the vast majority of agreements in place, to ensure that our day to day lives carry on easily.


    Whether as a trading post, a business hub or a tourist attraction, our shared, international border has a very positive future. 


    All that remains, is for us to take up the opportunities it will bring.

  • Detailed information

    A document this size can only skim the surface of areas which are important to Dumfries and Galloway and The Borders. Some are quite specialist and detailed such as agriculture. These are also highly relevant to the whole of Scotland and have their own dedicated resources including, for agriculture, for health , for business  and for many other topics. Where possible, this document will be updated online. This version is up to date at the time of writing.

"The border will be a big issue in indyref2; we need to inform those who are concerned."
Valerie Irving 
"Excellent idea, dispelling the lies and nonsense and getting positive message out. Best wishes."
Henry McIntosh 
“Borders people more than ever need to be better informed as to how independence will improve their lives and the area. This is a hugely important effort for a part of Scotland that really needs help.”
David Smith
"I live in Scottish Borders so this campaign is important to me. "
Irene McEwan

About Us

Scotland’s Gateways is a team of volunteers from across the south of Scotland, who have worked for many months to create a source of information about the Scotland/England border, including how it works now and how it may work in the future. This is a very important topic which tends to be either ignored or misrepresented. We will address this topic, filling this gap with a reliable resource. We hope to provide reassurance about many day-to-day issues affecting those who live, work, trade or travel across the border.
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If you are an independence campaigner and have a specific question or issue on the border which has not been covered, please feel free to contact us using the form below. As a volunteer group, we can only be contacted through the contact form. However, we will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer to your query. Similarly, if you have discovered a broken link, please let us know which one it is and we will attempt to fix it. In order to comply with the General Data Protection Regulations, you are asked to indicate whether you are happy for your details provided here (name, email address and phone number) to be kept on our database. This will allow us to keep you informed about our organisation, changes to our website and the addition of any new information in future.

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Images: Scottish Border Sign: Courtesy DeFacto. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Cumbria Border Sign: Courtesy: nikko23_99. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. 

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